1861
Birth of Rabindranath Tagore

In the late 19^th – early 20^th centuries Rabindranath Tagore - celebrated poet and educator, made significant contributions to the cause of Indian unity in the cultural "wars" against British colonialism. Tagore was born in 1861 during the British colonial era in India. Through lecturing in different countries, founding a school (later a university) in 1901, and writing on social and political themes, Tagore sought to impart a greater understanding between Western and Eastern philosophies, religions, and cultures. He wrote mostly in Bengali, but translated many of his own works into English..

1885
Indian National Congress born 

1894
Birth of Shree Nathoobhai Jadavbhai Gadher in Ranavav, India

1897
Plague in Bombay.  Famine Commission was set up

 1896
Birth of Shreemati Viruben  future wife to Shree Nathoobhai Jadav Gadher and mother to Shree Jivanbhai Nathoobhai Gadher

1899
Lord Curzon becomes Governor – General and Viceroy to India

1912
Marriage of Shree Nathoobhai Jadavbhai Gadher to Shreemati Viruben

 1913
Meramanbhai Nathoobhai Gadher born

1914
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa, where he had organized the Indian community there to oppose the white supremacist government through a technique of non-violent agitation he called "satyagraha" (trans. "moral domination").

1914 - 1918
World War I: large numbers of Indians, Hindu and Muslim, rallied to the British cause and 1.2 million Indians gave valiant service to the war effort. However, a joint campaign of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League resumed anti-British demands for political reforms in 1916. The British responded with promises of increased self-government. After the war, however, the British passed the Rowlatt Acts, suspending civil rights and enacting martial law in areas disturbed by riots and uprisings.

1915
Shree Devjibhai Nathoobhai Gadher born

1917
Shree Veljibhai Nathoobhai Gadher born

1918
Shree Ramjibhai Nathoobhai Gadher born

1919
Jalianwalabagh Massacre at Amritsar in the Punjab, when British troops fire on a huge assembly of people protesting British rule.  Sikhs join the Indian freedom struggle, and Mohandas K. Gandhi, Hindu social and religious reformer, emerged as a formidable Indian leader in the independence movement. Gandhi called upon all Indian people to meet British repression with Satyagraha—non-violent resistance. Native outrage at the massacre provoked widespread violence and disorder, prompting Gandhi to declare April 13 a day of mourning. Anti-British feeling intensified.

1920 – 1922

Gandhi instituted the Non-Cooperation Movement--calling for boycotts of British commodities, courts, and educational institutions; non-cooperation in political life, and renunciation of British titles held by Indians—which proved very effective in fight for Indian freedom. Viewed as seditious, Gandhi was imprisoned in 1922, and periodically again thereafter over the next two decades (the last time in 1942). Gandhi was called Mahatma (Sanskrit for "Great Soul") among the Indian people.

1924
The communist party of India Organised at Kanpur
New York's Computer Tabulating Recording Company is re-organized and will now be known as International Business Machines Corp. (IBM).

1925
John Baird transmits the first television image in London.

1926
Robert Goddard fires the first liquid fuel rocket
Auto antifreeze allows people to use cars year-round.

1927
Charles Lindbergh makes the first non stop solo transatlantic flight.

1928
John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States.
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.

1929
Bhagath singh and his friend threw a bomb In the Imperial Legislative Assembly
German psychiatrist Hans Berger develops the electroencephalogram (EEG) for recording brain waves.

1930 – 1931
Gandhi organized the Civil Disobedience Movement, a mass violation of the government salt monopoly, and led the 200-mile Salt March to the Gulf of Khambhat where seawater was boiled to make salt. Gandhi was again jailed, and the Indian Nationalist Movement revived, as civil disobedience, riots, demonstrations, and widespread disorder resulted in 27,000 Indian nationalists sentenced to prison terms. Many women also emerged, including Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali, and Bhikaji Cama, played an active role in the struggle for freedom. While the British reached a truce with Gandhi and other Indian National Congress leaders, the Muslim League advanced demands for special privileges in the proposed Indian dominion government, professing fear of Hindu domination. The controversy provoked bitter Hindu-Muslim rioting and widened the schism between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

1930
Jawahar Lal Nehru  hoists the ‘tri-color’ of Indian Independence on the banks of the river Ravi at  Lahore.  The Congress passes the Civil Disobedience Movement Bill.  Gandhiji begins Dandi March to manufacture illegal salt
Vannevar Bush builds "differential analyzer" - first analog computer.

1931
Karl Jansky begins the science of radio astronomy as he observes interference in the form of hissing sounds coming from beyond the earth's atmosphere.
Harold Urey discovers heavy water, water that contains deuterium, a rare hydrogen isotope.
An electron microscope is developed by Vladimir Zworykin and James Hillier.

1932
Amelia Earhart is first woman to fly Atlantic solo (May 20-21).

1933
Roosevelt inaugurated

1934
Hitler becomes Fuhrer when chancellorship and presidency are united

1935 - 1937
The British Parliament and then the Indian people, influenced by Gandhi, approve the Government of India Act, which prepared the way for full independence and protection of Muslim minorities. However, many Indian National Congress members opposed the act, which stopped short of full independence for India. In practice, the plan for federation of India proved unworkable because Indian princes refused to cooperate with the more radical Indian national Congress and Muslims continued to claim the Hindus had excessive influence on the new national legislature. The Muslim League, led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, advocated the creation of an independent Muslim state (Pakistan), which in turn provoked violent Hindu opposition.

1935
After inventing a quick, accurate way to measure pH for a friend in the citrus industry,
Dr. Arnold Beckman launched what is today Beckman Coulter, Inc.
Du Pont chemist Wallace Hume Carothers creates nylon, the first completely synthetic fabric.
Aircraft-detecting radar is pioneered by Robert Watson-Watt in England.

1936
In Berlin, dictator Adolf Hitler and his Nazi followers felt sure that the Olympics would be the ideal venue to demonstrate Germany's oft-stated racial superiority. He directed that $25 million be spent on the finest facilities, the cleanest streets and the temporary withdrawal of all outward signs of the state-run anti-Jewish campaign. By the time over 4,000 athletes from 49 countries arrived for the Games, the stage was set. Then Owens, a black sharecropper's son from Alabama, stole the show-winning his three individual events and adding a fourth gold medal in the 4x100-meter relay. The fact that four other American blacks also won did little to please Herr Hitler, but the applause from the German crowds, especially for Owens, was thunderous.

King George V dies; succeeded by son, Edward VIII, who soon abdicates to marry an American born divorcee, and is succeeded by brother, George VI.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day.
Alexis Carrel and Charles Lindbergh develop the first artificial heart. 
The first successful helicopter flight is made.

1937
The dirigible "Hindenburg" explodes at Lakehurst, N.J., killing 36 (May 6).
Amelia Earhart and co-pilot Fred Noonan vanish over the Pacific Ocean on their Round-the- World Flight
The Golden Gate Bridge is completed. 

1938
Orson Wells broadcasts his adaptation of H.G. Wells's War of the Worlds, creating a nationwide panic as listeners believe that aliens have landed in New Jersey (Oct. 30).  
Chester F. Carlson produces the first xerographic print.
Teflon is developed by Roy J. Plunkett at Du Pont.
George and Ladislav Biro invent the ballpoint pen.

1939 – 1945
World War II rang the death knell for Western Colonialism in many parts of the world. In India, the British viceroy declared war on Germany in 1939, in the name of India, without consulting Indian leaders. Congress Ministries in 9 provinces resign resisting Indian support for the British war effort.

1939
Subash Chandra Bose resigns the president-ship of the Congress Party
Germany invades Poland - World War II begins.
The big-screen adaptation of Gone with the Wind premieres.
Albert Einstein writes a letter to President Rooseveitregarding the possibility of using uranium to initiate a nuclear chain reaction, the fundamental process behind the atomic bomb.

1940
Gandhi and other Indian National Congress leaders intensified their campaign for immediate self-government, naming it as the price for Indian cooperation in the war effort, and were arrested. A campaign of civil disobedience was launched in 1940, while the Muslim League and many princely states supported the British war effort. Again, vast numbers of Indian troops participated in war on the British side at home and on the fronts.
Winston Churchill becomes Britain's Prime Minister
Plasma is discovered to be a substitute for whole blood in transfusions.

1941
Subhash Chandra Bose escapes from India to organize the I.N.A. (Indian National Army) movement to enlist support to fight against the British.
Ravindranath Tagore passes away (1861 – 1941)
Rabindranath Tagore won the the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with comsummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West. " Tagore was the first non-Westerner to win the prize. He translated into English much of his own prose and verse including Gitanjali: Song Offerings (1912), a collection of religious poems that especially arrested the attention of the selecting Nobel Prize critics. 

Japanese surprise attack on U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor brings U.S. into World War II; U.S. and Britain declare war on Japan.
Glenn Seaborg and Edwin McMillan isolate plutonium, a fuel preferable to uranium for nuclear reactors.

1942
Cripps Mission: Waves of anti-British agitation in India, however, prompted the British to institute the "Cripps Mission," instituting an interim government during the war and promising full independence for India after World War II. The mission failed when both Congress and Muslim League leaders objected to various sections of the proposed program. Quit India Movement started by Gandhi, resumed the civil disobedience movement. Indian resistance to rule of the British Raj intensified; Gandhi, Nehru, and 1000s of supporters were imprisoned, and the Indian National Congress was outlawed
Radar comes into operational use.
Japanese bombardment of Rangoon. Singapore Falls
Congress Working committee adopts ‘Quit India Resolution’

1943
Subhash Chandra Bose Reaches Tokyo
Selman Waksman discovers streptomycin and coins the term antibiotic.

1944
Japanese invaded India along the Indian-Burmese border, encouraged by Indian disunity and anti-British agitation. After initial successes, the Japanese were forced back into Burma by Anglo-Indian troops. The British released Gandhi from jail on May 6; Gandhi and Muslim leader Jinnah began negotiations to iron out their differences, but the discussions ended in failure. 
Allies invade Normandy on D-Day (June 6).
DNA is isolated by Oswald Avery.

1945
India became a charter member of the United Nations, Nehru was released from prison, and the British government issued a white paper on the Indian question, with proposals resembling the Cripps mission of 1942.
Hitler commits suicide (April 30); Germany surrenders (May 7); May 8 is declared V-E Day.  
US drops atomic bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima (Aug. 6) and Nagasaki (Aug.8).

1946
A new deadlock and anti-British riots provoked a new series of negotiations with Indian leaders in 1946. An interim government representing all major political groups except the Muslim League was established, with the Muslim League finally agreeing to participate. J. L Nehru is named Prime Minister of the Interim Government, formed through the Cabinet Mission’s plan to prepare India for independence. Nevertheless, anarchy threatened as Muslim-Hindu strife escalated in various parts of India, with widespread communal riots.
The US Army makes radar contact with the moon for the first time.

1947
Louis Mountbatten became viceroy and recommended immediate partitioning of India to the British government as the only means of averting catastrophe. The Indian Independence Act, incorporating Mountbatten’s recommendations, was speedily approved by the British parliament, and on August 15, India and Pakistan were established as independent dominions of the Commonwealth of Nations, with the right to withdraw or remain in the British commonwealth (India elected to remain in the Commonwealth in 1949.)

The new states of India and Pakistan were created along religious lines, areas with Hindu majorities allocated to India and those with predominantly Muslim populations assigned to East and West Pakistan (with 1000 mi. of Indian territory between them).
Dr Rajendra Prasad Becomes the 1st President of India
The microwave oven is invented by Percy Spencer (US).

1947 – 1949
Kashmir is attacked by Muslim insurgents, supported by Afghanistan and Pakistan, after Hindu leader Raja Hari Singh signs documents to make Kashmir, traditionally predominantly Muslim, part of India. Pakistan questioned his right to do so. Fighting between Muslim and Indian forces broke out and continued until 1949, with the intervention of the United Nations. The U.S. sided with Pakistan and the U.S.S.R. sided with India in the Kashmiri dispute. Kashmir remains an unresolved source of troubled relations between India and Pakistan.

1948
The Mahatma ("Great Soul") Gandhi is assassinated by a Hindu fanatic. Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, died later the same year.
George A. Gamow (US) puts forth the "Big Bang" theory to explain the origin of the universe.

1949
Ceasefire in Kashmir declared. Enactment of Indian constitution takes place  
Capt. James Gallagher and USAF crew make first round-the-world nonstop flight from Ft. Worth, Texas, and returning to same point: 23,452 miles in 94 hours, 1 minute (Feb. 27-March 2).

1950
India becomes Republic
Col. David C. Schilling (USAF) makes the first nonstop transatlantic jet flight in 10 hours and 1minute (Sept. 22).  
The first Xerox machine is produced.
The first self-service elevator is installed by Otis Elevator in Dallas.  
Richard Lawler (US) performs the first successful kidney transplant at Loyola University.

1951
Bangladesh (West Pakistan) revolts against (East) Pakistan, and Indo-Pakistani War erupts.  
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), the first business computer to handle both numeric and alphabetic data, is introduced.
Gregory Pincus, Min Chuch Chang, John Rock, and Carl Djerassi (US) develop the first oral contraceptive.

1952
First general elections; Congress government comes to power
George VI of England dies; his daughter becomes Elizabeth II (Feb. 6).
The first plastic artificial heart valve is developed at Georgetown Medical Center

1953

Mt Everest conquered for the first time by Tenzing and Hillary.  

Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated President of United States (Jan. 20).  Rosalind Franklin (England), Francis Crick (England), and James Watson (US) discover the double-helical structure of DNA

1954
Doctrine of Panch Shila (Five Principles of Non-Interference) is accepted as the basis for Indo-Chinese relations.
Roger Bannister - British runner - first to run mile in less than 4 minutes (3:59.4 on May 6, 1954).
The USS Nautilus, the first atomic submarine, is commissioned at Groton, Connecticut.  

Boeing tests the 707, the first jet-powered transport plane.

1955
Churchill resigns (April 5); Anthony Eden succeeds him (April 6).  

Severo Ochoa at NYU synthesizes DNA- and RNA-like molecules.

1956
Indian States are reorganized on linguistic-cultural bases. A 2^nd Five-Year plan for economic development is launched. Meanwhile, Pakistan produced a new constitution and declared itself an Islamic Republic  

Felix Wankel (Germany) develops the rotary internal combustion engine.

The DNA molecule is first photographed.

1957
Russia launches Sputnik I, first earth-orbiting satellite-the Space Age begins

1958
First transatlantic jet passenger service started by BOAC, with a New York to London route.

1959
The Lunik II probe (USSR) reaches the moon; Lunik III photographs the dark side of the moon for the first time.

1960
First Summer Olympics (Rome) to be covered by US television.

Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho terrifies movie-goers and becomes one of the year's most successful films.

1961
Portuguese surrender Goa, which again becomes part of India.
India drives the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): refusing alignment with either super power in the "Cold War," India under Nehru sought close bilateral relations and cooperation with countries of both the Western and Socialist blocs, as well as other non-aligned nations of the world.
East Germany erects the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin to halt flood of refugees.
USSR detonates 50-megaton hydrogen bomb in the largest man-made explosion in history.

Moscow announces putting first man in orbit around earth, Major Yuri A. Gagarin

1962
Lt. Col. John H. Glenn, Jr., is first American to orbit Earth - three times in 4 hours 55 minutes.
Unimation introduces the first industrial robot.

The first transatlantic television transmission occurs via the Telstar Satellite, making worldwide television and cable networks a reality

1962
Chinese Invasion of India in the NEFA & Ladakh regions. War with China starts

1963
President Kennedy shot and killed in Dallas, Texas. Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President

1964
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru dies
Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment in South Africa

1965 – 1966
Undeclared war rages between India and Pakistan, with India winning some Pakistani territories, coming very close to Lahore; and Pakistan winning back some parts of Kashmir. USSR mediates peace talks between India and Pakistan.
The first US combat troops arrive in Vietnam
Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov performs the first spacewalk (Mar. 18). Edward White II becomes the first American to walk in space (June 3).

1966
Jan 11^th -  Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri dies at Indo-Pak summit at Tashkent
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) becomes Prime Minister of India.
Unrest begins in the Punjab, resulting in its division into Punjabi-speaking Punjab, and Hindi-speaking Haryana.
Jan 20 - Mrs  Indira gandhi Becomes Prime Minister
World Cup: England beat West Germany 4-2
MIT biochemist Har Khorana finishes deciphering the DNA code.

1967
Dr. Christian N. Barnard and team of South African surgeons perform world's first successful human heart transplant (Dec. 3).

1968
Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader, is slain in Memphis (April 4).
Senator Robert F. Kennedy is shot and critically wounded in Los Angeles hotel after winning
California primary (June 5)-dies June 6.
Prototype of world's first supersonic airliner. The Soviet-designed Tupolev Tu-144 made its first flight, Dec. 31. It first achieved supersonic speed on June 5, 1969.

1969
Apollo 11 astronauts-Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., take first walk on the Moon (July 20).
The scanning electron microscope is developed

1970
IBM introduces the floppy disk.
Bar codes (computer-scanned binary signal code) are introduced for retail and industrial use in England.
The LCD (liquid crystal display) is invented by Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland)  

1971
Another Indo-Pakistani War takes place, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh (former East Pakistan) as an independent nation.
Intel introduces the microprocessor.

1972
Simla agreement signed between Indira Gandhi and Pakistan’s Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
Munich Olympics - On Sept. 5, with six days left in the Games, eight Arab commandos slipped into the Olympic Village, killed two Israeli team members and seized nine others as hostages. Early the next morning, all nine were killed in a shootout between the terrorists and West German police at a military airport.

1973
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the standard for communicating between computers over the Internet.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), the technology behind MRI scanning, is developed.
Skylab, the first American space station, is launched (May 14).

1974
Indira Gandhi pushes science and technology, and India conducts its first nuclear explosion, justified as a deterrent to Chinese aggression.
India becomes the world's sixth nuclear power.  Explodes nuclear device in Pokhran, Rajasthan
Richard M. Nixon resigns - is the first US President to do so (Aug. 8) and Vice President Gerald R. Ford of Michigan is sworn in as 38th President of the US (Aug. 9).

1975
First Indian satellite is launched, along with an ambitious family planning program. Socialism movement and unrest intensifies, and a State of Emergency is declared.

Indira Gandhi found guilty by court of electoral malpractice; President declares state of emergency due to "internal disturbance threat"
Home videotape systems (VCRs) are developed in Japan

1976
India and Pakistan re-establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level
Air France and British Airways begin the first regularly scheduled commercial supersonic flights.

1977
Emergency ends in sixth General elections; Janata Party comes to power
The space shuttle Enterprise makes its first test glide, from the back of a 747.

1978
Sony introduces the Walkman, the first portable stereo.
Louise Brown, the first test-tube baby, is born.

1979
Janata Party splits; Seventh general elections held
Conservatives win British election; Margaret Thatcher becomes new prime minister (May 3).

1980
Indira Gandhi returns to power
Ronald Reagan elected US President (Nov. 4).
John Lennon of the Beatles shot dead in New York City.

1981
AIDS is first identified.
IBM introduces its first personal computer, running the Microsoft Disk Operating System
(MS-DOS).
The 236-m.p.h. TGV, Europe's first high-speed passenger train, begins operating out of Lyons, France.

1982 – 1984
Sikh unrest begins and quickly becomes violent, centered at the Golden Temple Complex in Amritsar. Indira Gandhi sends the Army in to crush the rebellion. The Sikh leader is killed in the assault, and the Sikhs take revenge by assassinating Indira Gandhi. Widespread Hindu-Sikh riots result, and nearly 3,000 Sikhs die. Rajiv Gandhi becomes Prime Minister in his mother’s place.
British overcome Argentina in Falklands war (April 2-June 15)

1983
Sally K. Ride, 32, first US woman astronaut in space as a crew member aboard space shuttle Challenger (June 18).

1984
Oct 31 - Indira Gandhi assassinated; son Rajiv Gandhi becomes Prime Minister
In Bhopal, Union Carbide gas leak kills over 2,200
Apple introduces the user-friendly Macintosh personal computer.

1985 –1988
Sikhs remain emotionally alienated and precipitate further terrorist violence in the Punjab. Meanwhile, Rajiv Gandhi pushes for economic development and high tech industry, consumerism and prices rise, along with public corruption. Relations with U.S., Pakistan, and China improve, while those with Sri Lanka (over Tamil minority rights) and Nepal deteriorate.

1985
With the availability of relatively inexpensive laser printers and computers, tools for desktop publishing begin to be commonly used.

1986
Space shuttle Challenger explodes after launch at Cape Canaveral, Fla., killing all seven aboard (Jan. 28).

1987
Richard Branson and Per Lindstrand make the first transatlantic hot-air balloon flight. 2,790 miles from Sugarloaf Mountain, Maine, to Ireland Virgin Atlantic Flyer (July 2-4).

1988
Pan-Am 747 explodes from terrorist bomb and crashes in Lockerbie, Scotland, killing all 259 aboard and 11 on ground (Dec. 21).

1989
Rajiv Gandhi's Congress defeated in ninth general elections; minority government led by Janata Dal's V.P Singh comes to power
After 28 years, Berlin Wall is open to West (Nov. 11).
First World Wide Web server and browser developed by Tim Berners-Lee (England) while working at CERN.

1990
South Africa frees Nelson Mandela, imprisoned 27'/2 years (Feb. 11).
The Hubble Space Telescope is launched (Apr. 25).

1991
V.P Singh's government falls
Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by Sri Lankan Tamil suicide bomber;
Tenth general elections sees Congress government return to power with P.V. Narasimha Rao as Prime Minister
First transpacific hot-air balloon flight. Richard Branson and Per Lindstrand flew about 6,700 miles from Miyakonyo, Japan, to 150 miles west of Yellowknife, Canada (Jan. 15-17).

1992
A Hindu mob demolishes the Babri Masjid (mosque) at Ayodhya; sparks off Hindu-Muslim riots in several cities across the country
A text-based Web browser is made available to the public (Jan.); within a few years, millions of people become regular users of the World Wide Web.

1993
First humans cloned. Cells taken from defective human embryos that were to be discarded in infertility clinic are grown in vitro and develop up to 32-cell stage and then are destroyed.

1994
The FDA approves the Flavr Savr tomato, the first genetically-engineered food product

1995
Drs. Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell (UK) create the world's first cloned sheep, Megan and Morag, from embryo cells.

1996
Eleventh general elections -- the largest democratic exercise on the planet -- sees fall of P.V. Narasimha Rao and the Congress government. The Bharatiya Janata Party comes to power and falls after 13 days; United Front Coalition forms government under Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda

Dr. Ian Wilmut and his team clone the world's first sheep from adult cells. The lamb born in July 1996 is named Dolly.

1997
Congress withdraws support to coalition government; Deve Gowda resigns, I.K. Gujral becomes India's 12th Prime Minister
Princess Diana is killed in a car crash in Paris
Scientists at Oregon Regional Primate Research Center (US) create the first primates –two rhesus monkeys named Neti and Ditto - from DNA taken from cells of developing monkey embryos.

1998
India conducted a series of underground nuclear tests, prompting United States President Clinton and Japan to impose economic sanctions on India pursuant to the 1994 Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act.
 The FDA approves the male impotence drug Viagra (Mar. 27).

1999
In April 1999, the BJP-led coalition government fell apart, leading to fresh elections in September. The National Democratic Alliance - a new coalition led by the BJP - gained a majority to form a government with Vajpayee as Prime Minister in October 1999.
The world awaits the consequences of the Y2K bug, with more drastic millennial theorists warning of Armageddon.
Doctors in Louisville, Ky. perform the first human hand transplant in the US, replacing the severed left hand of a New Jersey man with one from a recently dead donor. (Jan. 24). 2000
Mad cow disease alarms Europe
Human genome deciphered; expected to revolutionize the practice of medicine (June 26).
Steve Redgrave wins 5th consecutive Gold Medal for rowing at Sydney Olympics

2001
Terrorists attack United States. Hijackers ram jetliners into twin towers of New York City's World Trade Center and the Pentagon. A fourth hijacked plane crashes 80 miles outside of Pittsburgh (Sept. 11). Toll of dead and injured in thousands. Within days, Islamic militant Osama bin Laden and the al-Qaeda terrorist network are identified as the parties behind the attacks.

2002
The Queen Mother dies in UK at a very old age.
Scientists compare mouse and human genomes. The first analysis of two complete genomes reveals striking similarities. Scientists hope finding will hasten understanding of genetic diseases. (Dec. 5).

2003
U.S. and Britain launch war against Iraq.
Saddam Hussein is captured by American troops (Dec. 13).
Space shuttle Columbia explodes, killing all 7 astronauts (Feb. 1).

2^nd May 2004
In January 2004 Vajpayee recommended early dissolution of the Lok Sabha and General elections. The Congress Party-led alliance won a plurality of seats in election held in May 2004, leading to Manmohan Singh becoming Prime Minister.

	It is with great sorrow that we announced the passing of Shree Jivanbhai Nathoobhai Gadher at the age of 84 years.  Coffin draped with the ‘tri – colour’ of Bharat, India was carried by his sons and ‘sons in law’.  He was cremated with full honours in Manchester, UK.  Present were friends and family from home and abroad
	6 th December – ‘Pusphe – phool' of Shree Jivanbhai reached Janma Bhumi Bharat  8 th December – ‘Pusphe – phool' (ashes) reached Guru - Charan at Haridwar, India
	9 th December – 16 th Sanskar finalised – ‘Pusphe – phool' Immersed into the Ganges
	10 th December – ‘Havan' and a ‘Maha Ganga Aarati' at the banks of the Ganges
	12 th December – Hanuman Pooja and Prayers at Sachindram, Tamil Nadu, India
	25 th December – ‘Suraya Darshan' and ‘Samudra Immersion' at the meeting point of the three seas – Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal at Kanyakumari, South India. Blessings from Vivekananda Kendra
	27th to the 29th August 2005
The final ceremony  was  the ‘Maha Hanumat Yagna’, performed in memory of Shree Jivanbhai  in the presence of Swami Satyamitranand Giriji Maharaj – Swami Sankracharya  at Abbey Park, Leicester.  There were one thousand and eight havan kundis lit over three days and 20,000 yajamos attended the Ceremonies.  With Blessings from Guruji and various priests, we concluded the Poojas, Havans, Aaratis and Ceremonies in memory of our beloved Shree Jivanbhai Gadher